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Subject: BURUNDI: List of groups involved in the conflict and peace process
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BURUNDI: List of groups involved in the conflict and peace process


POLITICAL PARTIES:

UPRONA [Union pour le progres national]: Created to demand independence in
1961 and was led by Prince Louis Rwagasore, a nationalist leader
assassinated in October 1961. It remained the only official political
party in Burundi until 1993 when multiparty politics were introduced. In
October 1998, the party was split over participation in the Arusha
negotiations.  Charles Mukasi heads the anti-negotiations wing while Luc
Rukingama, the information minister, leads the pro-negotiations group.
[Pro-Tutsi]

FRODEBU [Front pour la democratie au Burundi]: Officially set up in 1992. 
The party won the first multiparty polls in June 1993 and its leader
Melchior Ndadaye became the first Hutu president of Burundi. His
assassination led to the current war in Burundi. FRODEBU is now led by
Jean Minani based in exile. An internal wing is led by FRODEBU
secretary-general, Augustin Nzojibwami. [Pro-Hutu]

PALIPEHUTU [Parti pour la liberation du peuple Hutu]: Led by Etienne
Karatasi who is based in Denmark. The party was created at the end of the
1970s by Burundian Hutu refugees based in Rwanda. [Pro-Hutu]

CNDD [Conseil national pour la defense de la democratie]: Led by Leonard
Nyangoma, former minister of interior and was founded in 1994. The party's
armed wing, the Forces pour la defense de la democratie (FDD) - led by
Jean-Bosco Ndayikengurukiye - has split from the mainstream movement. 
[Pro-Hutu]

ABASA [Alliance burundo-africaine pour le salut]: Founded in 1993 and led
by Ambassador Terence Nsanze who lives in Europe. The internal wing is led
by Serge Mukamarakiza. [Pro-Tutsi]

INKIZO ["Le Bouclier"]: Formed in 1993 and led by Alphonse Rugambarara. 
[Pro-Tutsi]

AV-INTWARI [Alliance des Vaillants]: Formed in 1993 and led by Andre
Nkundikije. [Pro-Tutsi]

RADDES [Rassemblement pour la democratie, le developpement economique et
social] Formed in 1993 and is led by Joseph Nzeyimana. [Pro-Tutsi]

PRP [Parti pour la reconciliation du peuple]: Monarchist party, formed in
1992. Led by the Brussels-based Mathias Hitimana. [Pro-Tutsi]

PL [Parti liberal]: Formed in 1992 and is led by Gaetan Nikobamye. 
[Pro-Tutsi]

RPB [Rassemblement pour le peuple du Burundi]: Formed in 1992 and is led
by Balthazar Bigirimana. [pro-Hutu]

PP [Parti du peuple]: Formed in 1992 and led by Shadrack Niyonkuru. 
[pro-Hutu]

PARENA [Parti pour le redressement national]: Formed in 1995 led by former
president Jean-Baptiste Bagaza. [pro-Tutsi]

PSD [Parti social-democrate]: Formed in 1993 and led by Godefroid
Hakimana.  [pro-Tutsi]

PIT [Parti independent des travailleurs ]: Formed in 1993 and led by
Etienne Nyahoza. [pro-Tutsi]

ANNADE [Alliance nationale pour le droit et le developpement economique]: 
Formed in 1992 and led by Patrice Nsababaganwa. [pro-Tutsi]


The Burundi government and the national assembly are recognised as
separate entities in the Arusha peace process and make up the remaining
negotiating sides (19 in all). The government delegation is led by the
Peace Process Minister Ambroise Niyonsaba and the national assembly side
by the speaker, Leonce Ndikumana. 

ARMED GROUPS: 

FROLINA [Front pour la Liberation nationale]: Created in the mid-80s and
led by Joseph Karumba. Signed the Arusha agreement on 28 August 2000. 

FDD [Forces pour la defense de la democratie}: Formed in 1994, it split
off from the Conseil national pour la defense de la democratie (CNDD) in
1998.  It is led by Jean-Bosco Ndayikengurukiye. It did not sign the
Arusha accord. 

FNL [Forces nationales pour la liberation]: Now known as PALIPEHUTU-FNL
and led by Cossan Kabura. It split off from PALIPEHUTU and did not sign
the Arusha agreement. 


Pro-Tutsi MOVEMENTS in Burundi: 

SMO [Service Militaire Obligatoire]: Obligatory military service for
secondary school pupils in Burundi. It acts as a pool for future army
recruits. 

AC GENOCIDE [Action contre le genocide]: Organises meetings on the 21st of
every month in memory of the massacres of October 1993 following the
assassination of President Ndadaye. It is led by Venant Bamboneyeho. 

PUISSANCE d'AUTODEFENSE 'AMASEKANYA': A self-defence organisation for
Tutsi youth, created in 1995 and led by Diomede Tutamucero. 

SOJEDEM [Solidarite de la jeunesse pour la defense des minorites]: A youth
organisation for the defence of minorities formed in 1993 and led by the
Kampala based Deo Niyonzima. 

JEUNESSE REVOLUTIONNAIRE RWAGASORE: A youth group claiming to stand for
the ideals of the first Burundian prime minister Louis Rwagasore and is
led by Bonaventure Gasutwa. 


[ENDS]

         
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